allele1) One of a number of alternative forms of a gene. Commonly only two alternative forms exist for a gene. 2) Either of a pair (or series) of alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a particular chromosome and that control the same character |
antibody1 Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response |
asexual reproduction1 Reproduction without the fusion of gametes |
cancer1 Any malignant growth or tumour caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream |
cell1) The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals |
characteristic1) A distinguishing quality |
chromosome1) A thread-like structure, made of protein, containing a number of genes aligned along its length.
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clone1) An identical individual (oxy-moron)
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cystic fibrosis1) The most common congenital disease; the child's lungs and intestines and pancreas become clogged with thick mucus; caused by defect in a single gene; there is no cure |
DNA
2) A long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information |
dominant
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environment1) The area in which something exists or lives |
fertilisation1) The fusion of male and female gametes nucleus to form a zygote; of sperm and ova in an animal or pollen and ovule in a plant |
forensic???? |
gene
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generation
2) The act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production 3) All the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age |
genetics1) The branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms |
genotype1) The alleles present in the genetic make up of an individual. e.g. the genotype of a human male is XY (the X and Y are alleles). (Adapted from Edexcel GCSE SCience and Data Resource Book, UG005206) |
heterozygous1) An individual who inherits two alternative alleles for a feature. e.g. Tt, XY (adapted from Edexcel GCSE SCience and Data Resource Book, UG005206) |
homozygous1) An individual who inherits identical alleles for a feature from the parent e.g. TT, tt or XX (adapted from Edexcel GCSE SCience and Data Resource Book, UG005206) |
human genome project1) An international study of the entire human genetic material |
inheritance1) characterisics/attributes acquired via biological heredity (genes) from the parents |
nucleus1) A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
phenotype
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recessive
2) An allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical (another recessive allele) |
sexual reproduction1) Reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete |
transgenic1) Containing artificially inserted genetic material from another species |
transplant
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variation1) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration |