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G

Gallon

Symbol: gal. An imperial measure of volume or capacity, equal to the volume occupied by ten pounds of distilled water. In the imperial system, 1 gallon = 4 quarts = 8 pints. One gallon is just over 4.5 litres. Imperial units are rarely used in modern times.

Geometry

The aspect of mathematics concerned with the properties of space and figures or shapes in space.

Gradient

A measure of the slope of a line. On a coordinate plane, the gradient of the line through the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is defined as (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1).

The gradient may be positive, negative or zero depending on the values of the co-ordinates. In a straight line graph of the form y = mx+c, m represents the gradient.

Gram

Symbol: g. The unit of mass equal to one thousandth of a kilogram.

Graph

A diagram showing a relationship between variables. Adjective: graphical. A graph showing information that isn't continuous is often called a 'chart' instead.