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Spanish Armada

A large flotilla of ships sent by Philip II of Spain to attack England in 1588 because of the Reformation. The Armada was destroyed by poor weather and the English Navy.

Spanish-American War

(1898) A war between the United States and Spain over the control of Cuba. The United States won this war and gained independence for Cuba, and control of the Philippines.

spheres of influence

An area of one country under the control of another. In China, these areas guaranteed specific trading privileges to each imperialist nation within its respective sphere.

spinning jenny

A device used to make thread.

spinning wheel

A device used to make thread by spinning fibers together through the use of a big wheel.

Spirit of the Laws, The

A book written by Baron de Montesquieu describing his theories on government. He states that government should divide itself according to its powers, creating a Judicial, Legislative, and Executive branch. Montesquieu explained that under this system each branch would Check and Balance the others, which would help protect the people's liberty.

Sputnik

Soviet satellite put into orbit around Earth in 1957. It was the first man made satellite put into orbit.

stalemate

A situation where there are no clear winners.

Stalin, Josef

(1879-1953) The General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party from 1922 until 1953. Known for his brutality in dealing with opponents and his failed policies of collectivism that caused widespread famine across the Soviet Union.

starvation

The process of dying due to lack of food.


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