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M

Mao Zedong

(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People’s Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

Marco Polo

(1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period.

Maria Teresa

An enlightened Despot who ruled the Austrian Empire.

market economy

An economy that operates by voluntary exchange in a free market and is not planned or controlled by a central authority; a capitalistic economy.

Marshall Plan

Economic aid from the United States used to rebuild Europe after World War II. Named after United States Secretary of State George Marshall.

Marx, Karl

(1818-1883), German political philosopher and writer. Coauthor with Friedrich Engels of The Communist Manifesto which described the new philosophy of scientific socialism, which is the basis for modern communism.

mass production

The manufacturing of products on a large scale, usually through the use of machines.

massacre

The killing of large numbers of people

Matrilineal

Relating to, based on, or tracing ancestral descent through the maternal line


Mau Mau

Revolutionary group in Kenya who used violent means to force out European settlers.


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