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P

peasantry

Members of the lowest class in some social class systems.

peninsula

An area of land surrounded on three sides by water. Italy, Greece, and the southern part of India are all peninsulas.

Peninsulares

In colonial Latin America, Spanish official sent to govern Latin American colonies. They controlled government completely.

Perestroika

A policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to revitalize the Soviet economy by opening it up to more free enterprise.

Pericles

(495? BCE-429? BCE) Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements. He was also a very skilled speaker. Athens City-State of Ancient Greece and center of Greek golden age that occurred in the 5th century BCE.

Perry, Matthew

(1794-1858) Commodore. United States Navy officer who is responsible for opening Japan to trade and imperialism.

persecution

Treating a person, or a group of people unfairly or cruelly due to ethnic background, gender, or other difference.

Persian Gulf War

(1990 – 1991) Conflict between Iraq and a coalition of countries led by the United States to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait which they had invaded in hopes of controlling their oil supply. A very one sided war with the United States’ coalition emerging victorious.

pesticides

Chemicals used to destroy insects and other pests.

Peter the Great

(1672-1725) Czar of Russia. He was responsible for the westernization of Russia in the 18th century.


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