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S

Simile

an explicit comparison between two things using 'like' or 'as'. My love is as a fever, longing still For that which longer nurseth the disease, Shakespeare, Sonnet CXLVII Reason is to faith as the eye to the telescope. D. Hume [?] Let us go then, you and I, While the evening is spread out against the sky, Like a patient etherized upon a table... T.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

Syllepsis

use of a word with two others, with each of which it is understood differently. We must all hang together or assuredly we will all hang separately. Benjamin Franklin

Synchysis

interlocked word order. aurea purpuream subnectit fibula vestem Vergil, Aeneid 4.139

Synecdoche

understanding one thing with another; the use of a part for the whole, or the whole for the part. (A form of metonymy.) Give us this day our daily bread. Matthew 6 I should have been a pair of ragged claws Scuttling across the floors of silent seas. T. S. Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" The U.S. won three gold medals. (Instead of, The members of the U.S. boxing team won three gold medals.)

Synesis (=constructio ad sensum)

the agreement of words according to logic, and not by the grammatical form; a kind of anacoluthon. For the wages of sin is death. Romans 6 Then Philip went down to the city of Samaria, and preached Christ unto them. Acts 6