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S

Set

A well-defined collection of objects or numbers (themselves then called called members or elements).


Set Square

A drawing instrument for constructing parallel lines, perpendicular lines and certain angles.


Sign

With numbers, a positive + or negative - sign indicates whether it is higher or lower than zero. It can also indicate direction in the sense of a vector, e.g. a ball thrown directly upwards could be said to have a negative velocity on its way back to the ground, to make it clear that it is moving in the opposite direction to which it started moving in.

Significant Figures

The run of digits in a number that is needed to specify the number to a required degree of accuracy. Additional zero digits may also be needed to indicate the number's magnitude. Examples: To the nearest thousand, the numbers 125 000, 2 376 000 and 22 000 have 3, 4 and 2 significant figures respectively; to 3 significant figures 98.765 is written 98.8


Similar figures

A geometric figure is similar to another if it is congruent to an enlargement of the other. Any two squares are similar, as are any two circles.


Simple Fraction

A fraction where the numerator and denominator are both integers. Also known as a common or vulgar fraction.


Sphere

A closed surface, in three-dimensional space, consisting of all the points that are a given distance from a fixed point, the centre. A hemi-sphere is a half-sphere. Adjective: spherical.


Square (Shape)

In geometry, a 2D quadrilateral with four equal sides and four internal angles that are all right angles.


Square Number

A number that can be expressed as the product of two equal numbers. Example 36 = 6 x 6 and so 36 is a square number.


Stem and Leaf Diagram

A format for displaying grouped data. Class intervals form the stem and all observations are listed in order against them, forming the leaves. The numbers 29, 16, 18, 8, 4, 16, 27, 19, 13, 15 could be displayed as:

Stem and Leaf Diagram

The 'class interval' is the tens digit of the numbers. The diagram resembles a histogram on its side.



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